WLA学生作品 | 朝圣者与蟾蜍的共生

竞赛灵感IDEA 竞赛灵感IDEA

2024-09-03

《 斯里帕达的共生》

Symbiosis on the Sri Pada

团队成员：

Kexin Zhang, Tianchen Zhang, Lu Xie, Zhizhi Wang

本期idea

众生平等，朝圣却破坏了蟾蜍的栖息环境，活动开展与栖息地保护能否兼得？让我们看看设计师如何编织的思路。

危机问题：斯里帕达两栖蟾蜍濒危

斯里兰卡中南部的斯里帕达(Sri Pada)是佛教徒、印度教徒、穆斯林和基督徒的圣地，其足迹如山顶巨石和高耸的高地而备受推崇。随着成千上万的朝圣者涌向此地，这座山面临着巨大的环境压力。

Sacred to Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, and Christians, Sri Pada in South Central Sri Lanka is championed by its footprints like mountain-top boulders and towering elevations. The mountain is under intense environmental pressure as thousands of pilgrim flock to the site.

多年来不断的朝拜，对圣山的生态系统造成了严重的破坏，两栖蟾蜍面临着危险。

The continuous pilgrimages over the years are causing serious damages to the ecosystem of the Sacred Foot Mountain, putting the amphibian toad at risk.

蟾蜍濒临灭绝的原因主要有两个:一是朝圣者涌入斯里帕达，影响了交配场所。另一个是圣山的生态系统遭到破坏，这里的水道污染严重，蟾蜍很难繁殖。

There are two main reasons why toads are endangered: one is the influx of pilgrims into Sri Pada, which affects the mating grounds. The other is the destruction of the sacred mountain’s ecosystem where its waterways are so polluted that it is difficult for toads to breed.

朝圣满足了人们的精神信仰和满足，但对斯里帕达生态的威胁，是对宗教初衷的偏离。

The pilgrimage satisfies people’s spiritual faith and satisfaction, but the threat to the ecology of Sri Pada, is a deviation from the original intention of religion.

面对如此大规模、自发的对斯里帕达及世界各地其他圣地的朝拜，景观设计师的优势在哪里?

What are the strengths of landscape architects in the face of such massive and spontaneous pilgrimages to Sri Pada and other holy sites around the world?

景观干预：朝圣者与蟾蜍双线并行

在上山朝圣的过程中，很多朝圣者会随身携带针线，在树丛中编织一张白线的网，表达自己纯洁美好的愿望。

During the pilgrimage up the mountain, many pilgrims carry needles and thread with them and weave a net of white thread among the trees to express their pure and good wishes.

如果能够将朝圣者带入到拯救生命的活动中来，不仅可以保护斯里帕达的环境，也可以让宗教发挥其对万物慈悲的最初作用。

If the pilgrims can be brought into life-saving activities, not only to protect the environment of Sri Pada but also to allow religion to play its origional role of compassion for all things.

每种宗教都有一个共同的信仰——不杀生。我们的主要计划是把两条“线”织在一起，一条“线”用来引导朝圣者，另一条“线”用来设计蟾蜍栖息地的修复。

Each religion has a common belief–Do Not Kill. Our main plan was to weave two “threads” together, one “thread” to guide the pilgrim and one ” thread ” to design the restoration of the Toad’s habitat.

共生模式：3种栖息地与《朝圣者手册》

在栖息地的设计上，将蟾蜍赖以生存的基本条件，如水文环境、植被结构、冠层封闭性等整理出来，整合到 GIS 中以供使用。

For the design of the habitat, the basic conditions for the survival of the toad, such as the hydrological environment, vegetation structure, canopy closure and so on, were sorted out and integrated into GIS for decision-maker.

设置三种类型的蟾蜍栖息地，永久性溪流(Permanent Streams)、季节性溪流(Seasonal Streams)和湿润低地(Moist Lowland)，为蟾蜍创造不同类型的具有小气候栖息地的湿地。

three types of toad habitat, Permanent Streams, Seasonal Streams, and Moist Lowland, are set up to create different types of wetlands with microclimate habitat for toads.

在引导朝圣者的行为方面，该计划还制作了《朝圣者手册》，以通俗易懂的形式向朝圣者传达斯里帕达蟾蜍的濒危状况。

As for guiding the behavior of pilgrims,the plan has produced a “Pilgrim Handbook” to convey the endangered status of Sri Pada’s toad to pilgrims in an easy-to-understand form.

这本手册便于携带，也可作为旅游指南循环使用，其中包括一份朝圣日历，结合了气候、蟾蜍活动周期和宗教节日，以标记适合朝圣的月份。

The handbook is easy to carry and recycle as a tourist guide, included a pilgrimage calendar, which combines climate, toad activity cycles, and religious holidays to mark the proper month for the pilgrimage.

它还包含了一张到山上的地图，我们在地图上注明了设计的蟾蜍栖息地的位置、蟾蜍的活动范围和繁殖要求，并添加了有关蟾蜍习性的信息，朝圣者应该尽量避免。

It also contains a map to the mountains, in which we noted the location of the designed toad habitat, the range of activity and breeding requirements of the Toads, and added information on the habits of the Toads, that pilgrims should try to avoid.

在整个项目中，景观设计师扮演着裁缝的角色，既是为了对斯里帕达蟾蜍栖息地的合理优化，也是为了让朝圣者积极参与到项目中来。

Throughout the project, the landscape architect acted as a tailor, both for the rational optimization of the Toad’s habitat in Sri Pada and for the active involvement of pilgrims in the project.

我们的 1 + 1 模式旨在通过结合我们的业知识和分析技能，使宗教实践与保护更加兼容，并帮助朝圣者更好地与斯里帕达进行沟通。

Our 1 + 1 model aims to make religious practices more compatible with conservation and to help pilgrims better communicate with Sri Pada by combining our expertise and analytical skills.

注：文章图片全部来源于WLA官网。

推荐阅读

竞赛作品

CHSLA | 本科组一等奖！糖果色的炫酷图纸

CHSLA | 本科组一等奖！南林团队好厉害

CHSLA | 本科组二等奖！全员保研北林神仙团队

竞赛资讯

‍10月31日截止 | CSA 景观设计大奖